HLA antigen typing is critical for screening which of the following?

HLA antigen typing is particularly important for organ transplantation, especially in determining compatibility between a kidney donor and recipient. Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) molecules play a crucial role in the body's immune response, and mismatching these antigens can lead to rejection of the transplanted organ. The closer the HLA match between the donor and recipient, the higher the likelihood of transplant success and the lower the risk of complications such as graft-versus-host disease.

In contrast, ABO incompatibility refers to the blood group antigens and is assessed through blood typing rather than HLA typing. Rh incompatibility is related to the Rh factor, which is also a different type of blood group antigen. The screening of blood donors focuses primarily on blood types and infectious disease markers, rather than HLA typing, which is specific to organ transplantation compatibility.