How can the presence of anti-K in a patient's serum affect transfusion?

The presence of anti-K in a patient's serum can significantly impact transfusion practices because this antibody is associated with a risk of hemolytic transfusion reactions. Anti-K is an antibody that targets the Kell antigen, which is present on red blood cells. If a patient who has anti-K receives a blood transfusion containing Kell-positive red blood cells, the anti-K antibodies will bind to the Kell antigens on the transfused cells, leading to their destruction by the immune system. This process can cause acute hemolytic reactions, which may manifest through symptoms such as fever, chills, back pain, hemoglobinuria, and, in severe cases, shock or even death.

Thus, when managing transfusions for patients with anti-K, it is crucial to screen donor blood for Kell antigens to ensure that transfusions do not provoke a hemolytic response. Knowledge of a patient’s antibody profile is vital for safe transfusion practices, especially in those with known antibodies like anti-K.