What is the father's most likely Rh phenotype if the mother is Rh-positive with an anti-c titer of 32?

To understand why the father's most likely Rh phenotype is represented as R1r when the mother is Rh-positive with an anti-c titer of 32, it's important to consider the Rh blood group system and the context of the mother's antibody presence.

The mother being Rh-positive indicates that she carries at least one D allele, which means that she could be either homozygous (R1R1 or R2R2) or heterozygous (R1r or R2r, etc.) for the Rh genes. The presence of an anti-c titer suggests that the mother has developed antibodies against the c antigen, which can occur if she has been sensitized through previous transfusions or pregnancies when she was exposed to Rh-positive blood that carried the c antigen.

In the context of the baby potentially inheriting different Rh antigens from the mother and father, the mother's titer of 32 for anti-c suggests that she likely has a significant immunological response to that specific antigen. If the father were to have a phenotype that does not include the c antigen (as in the rr phenotype), the likelihood of the child having Rh incompatibility issues could be increased. The presence of an anti-c titer indicates that the potential child may inherit