What is the optimum storage temperature for Red Blood Cells?

Red blood cells (RBCs) are optimally stored at 4 degrees Celsius. This temperature is crucial for maintaining the viability and functionality of the cells while preventing hemolysis and preserving the metabolic processes within the RBCs. At this temperature, the physiological properties of RBC membranes are preserved, allowing for the red blood cells to retain their ability to carry oxygen efficiently when transfused into patients.

Storing red blood cells at significantly lower temperatures, such as -80 degrees Celsius or -20 degrees Celsius, compromises their integrity. At these extremely low temperatures, the formation of ice crystals can occur, which damages the cells and leads to poor post-transfusion survival. Therefore, maintaining red blood cells at 4 degrees Celsius is essential for ensuring that they remain healthy and functional until they are needed for transfusion.