Which of the following red cell antigens are found on glycophorin-A?

Glycophorin A is a major sialoglycoprotein found on the surface of red blood cells and is known for being the carrier of the M and N blood group antigens. These antigens are classified in the MNS system, which is one of the blood group systems that define the surface characteristics of red blood cells.

The presence of the M and N antigens is directly associated with the structure of glycophorin A, as these antigens are epitopes located on this specific glycoprotein. Their significance in blood banking and transfusion medicine arises from the potential for immune responses in cases of incompatibility during transfusions or pregnancy.

Understanding the association of M and N antigens with glycophorin A helps explain their role in blood transfusion compatibility and the relevance for individuals with specific blood group phenotypes. In the case of the other antigen groups, such as Leb antigens, S, s antigens, or the P antigen system, they are not directly linked to glycophorin A and are associated with different molecules or proteins on the red cell surface. This highlights the importance of recognizing specific antigens and their associations with particular cellular components in hematology and transfusion science.